Black Body Radiation
- Stephen-Boltzman Law: $P_{blackbody} = \sigma AT^4$
- Wien's Law: $\lambda_{peak}T=\text{Const.}$
- Rayleigh-Jeans Law: $R(\lambda,T)=\frac{2\pi ckT}{\lambda^4}$
- Plank's Law: $R(\lambda,T)=\frac{2\pi hc^2}{\lambda^5 (e^{hc/\lambda kT}-1)}$
Compton Effect: $\Delta\lambda = \frac{h}{m_0c}(1-\cos\theta)$
Bohr의 가정(각운동량 양자화): $L=mvr=n\hbar$
수소 원자
- $r_n = \frac{\epsilon_0n^2h^2}{\pi me^2}$
- $v_n = \frac{e^2}{2\epsilon_0 nh}$
- Bohr Radius $a_0=\frac{\epsilon_0h^2}{\pi me^2}$
- $r_n = a_0n^2$
- $K = \frac{me^4}{8\epsilon_0^2n^2h^2}$
- $U = -\frac{me^4}{4\epsilon_0^2n^2h^2}$
- $E=U+K = -\frac{me^4}{8\epsilon_0^2n^2h^2}$
- $R_H=\frac{me^4}{8c\epsilon_0^2h^3}$
- $\frac{1}{\lambda}=R_H\left(\frac{1}{{n_1}^2}-\frac{1}{{n_2}^2}\right)$
De Broglie wave length: $\lambda = \frac{h}{p}$
불확정성 원리: $\Delta x\Delta p\ge \hbar$, $\Delta E\Delta t\ge \hbar$
Schrodinger Equation(Time Independent)
- Hamiltonian: $H=\frac{P^2}{2m}+U$
- $P=\frac{\hbar}{i}\nabla=-\hbar^2\nabla^2=-\hbar^2\left(\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2}{\partial y^2}+\frac{\partial^2}{\partial z^2}\right)$
- Schrodinger Equation: $H\psi = E\psi$
- Probability Density function: $P(x)=\psi^2(x)$
- normalization condition: $\int_{-\infty}^\infty\psi^2dx=1$
Bohr's correspondence principle: 양자적 현상의 scale을 키우면 고전역학적 분석에 수렴한다.
Inifinite Potential Well (1D)
- $-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{d^2\psi}{dx^2}=E\psi$
- Boundary condition: $\psi=0$ at $x=0,L$
- $E=\frac{\hbar}{2m}\frac{n^2\pi}{L^2}=\frac{n^2h^2}{8mL^2}$
- $\psi_n=\sqrt{\frac{2}{L}}\sin\left(\frac{n\pi x}{L}\right)$
Infinite Potential Square Well (3D)
- $\psi(x)=A\sin\frac{n_x\pi x}{L}\sin{n_y\pi y}{L}\sin{n_z\pi z}{L}$
- $E = \frac{h^2}{8mL^2}({n_x}^2+{n_y}^2+{n_z}^2)$
Harmonic Oscillator
- $-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{\partial^2 \psi}{\partial x^2}+\frac{1}{2}mw^2x^2\psi=E\psi$
- $-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{\partial^2\psi}{\partial x^2}+\frac{1}{2}mw^2x^2\psi=E\psi$
- $E_n=\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)\hbar w$
Tunneling Effect: finite potential well의 경우 벽 너머서도 $\psi$가 nonzero -> 벽을 뚫고 외부로 나갈 확률 존재
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